Guarani

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Kaingang

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Xetá

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Xokleng

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Carta Aberta ao Senador Delcídio Amaral

Senhor Senador,

No dia 9 deste mês, portanto há menos de uma semana, nós povos indígenas, o país e o mundo, fomos surpreendidos pela introdução na pauta de votação no plenário do Senado da República, do Projeto de Lei, de número 188, que se dispunha a “regulamentar o procedimento administrativo de identificação, delimitação, demarcação e declaração das terras indígenas”.

Essa proposta havia sido recomendada pela Comissão Especial do Senado, da qual o senhor é o relator. Portanto, sua responsabilidade pelo conteúdo do relatório e do projeto de lei ora apresentado é fundamental e decisiva.

Nós povos indígenas estamos profundamente indignados e revoltados com esse projeto de lei 188, porque ele representa para nós uma punhalada pelas costas, pois em nada respeitou aquilo que o senhor nos prometeu nos debates e encontros que tivemos aqui em Campo Grande no mês de junho deste ano. Primeiro o senhor veio até nossas aldeias falando de seu plano em defender nossos direitos, e nós acreditamos. Votamos no senhor e no presidente Lula. Depois o senhor foi relator de uma Comissão que queria claramente impedir e cassar nosso direito a nossas terras tradicionais. Nós protestamos e repudiamos o conteúdo desse relatório. O senhor nos ouviu, debateu e até chorou. Prometeu que iria rever o conteúdo do relatório e levar em conta nossas sugestões. Novamente acreditamos em sua palavra.

Passaram-se cinco meses de silêncio e agora aparece um projeto de lei que é pior do que o relatório que nos foi apresentado. Isso nós consideramos uma traição. Não podemos calar e silenciar diante disso. Vamos dizer ao senhor, ao país e ao mundo que não aceitamos mais ser tratados como objetos de negociação, nossas terras como moeda de troca, nossas riquezas e sabedoria como objetos de desejo dos piratas modernos. Temos dignidade e queremos ser respeitados. Nossas terras são sagradas, aí estão enterrados nossos avós, pais e antepassados e portanto nos pertencem, pela Constituição, pelas nossas leis e como direitos históricos de povos que somos.

Mas não queremos apenas apresentar nossa indignação e repúdio ao projeto de lei 188, que o senhor e demais senadores integrantes da comissão que a elaboraram. Queremos pedir que, conforme a Convenção 169 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho, que o Brasil ratificou nesse ano, que seja retirado imediatamente de pauta esse projeto e que volte a ser discutido por nós povos indígenas em todo o país. “Nenhum projeto que nos diz respeito pode ser aprovado sem a nossa participação”. Ninguém mais do que nós quer ver a paz e dignidade nesse país.

Senhor Senador Delcídio, não desrespeitem a Constituição e os nossos direitos, respeitem e demarquem nossas terras pois só assim haverá justiça e paz na terra.

Representantes indígenas presentes em Campo Grande, MS, no dia 14 de dezembro de 2004.

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Sede da Funasa em Manaus ocupada por líderes e conselheiros indígenas do DSEI/Manaus

Coiab

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Manifesto – Em favor dos povos indígenas e suas terras contra o projeto genocida 188 de 2004

Caso o Senado vier aprovar o projeto de Lei 188 de autoria do senador Delcídio do Amaral, do PT do Mato Grosso do Sul e outros, estará se desencadeando um dos processos anti-indígenas mais vergonhosos e genocidas da nossa história. A projeto que visa estabelecer novos parâmetros para a demarcação das terras indígenas e outras providências, reflete, na verdade o mais crasso e rancoaroso processo anti indígena instaurado no país. Na prática a intenção é inviabilizar totalmente a demarcação das terras indígenas, com exceção de algumas migalhas que porventura  passarem pelo crivo dos novos responsáveis pela identificação e delimitação das terras indígenas. Trata-se, a rigor,de uma proposta inconstitucional, na medida que visa alterar as responsabilidades sobre o processo de regularização das terras indígenas, além de tentar impedir a presença indígena na faixa de 150 km da fronteira. Transfere o trabalho técnico de levantamento dos critérios constitucionais de demarcação, conforme artigo 231, para uma instância política.  Além disso está expresso no projeto uma criminalização da questão indígena e punição de seus aliados na luta por seus direitos, especialmente à terra.

É importante resgatarmos um pouco o processo do qual resultou esse projeto de lei. Ele tem sua origem num grupo de parlamentares notadamente anti-indígenas que constituíram comissões para analisar a questão dos conflitos fundiários envolvendo os povos indígenas. No senado o presidente da Comissão foi o senador Morazildo Cavalcante, de Roraima, conhecido pela sua atuação anti indígena. O relator da comissão foi o senador Delcídio, aqui do MS. Por ocasião da aprovação do relatório desta comissão, em junho deste ano,  o relator esteve em Campo Grande onde teve um grande debate com mais de 700 lideranças Indígenas e representantes do movimento social. Naquela ocasião o senador chegou a chorar e comprometeu-se publicamente  considerar as sugestões e propostas entregues, que eram na perspectiva de acelerar a demarcação das terras indígenas.  Ao invés  de cumprir sua palavras fez com que a proposta de projeto de lei seguisse na surdina e repentinamente fosse para a pauta para ser votado, sem que o movimento indígena e seus aliados e a sociedade organizada tomassem sequer conhecimento de seu conteúdo, muito menos fossem contemplados em suas sugestões. No apagar das luzes da atuação do Congresso nesse ano de 2004, numa nítida manobra para evitar a pressão da sociedade, quiserem consumar essa ato que jogariam a maioria das terras indígenas na vala comum, voltando tudo à estaca zero, e dificilmente a maioria delas sequer um dia seriam reconhecidas, demarcadas e respeitadas.

Portanto esse tipo de atitude é inaceitável sob todos os aspectos, sentindo-se o movimento indígena e todo o movimento social traído. Quando se esperava diálogo, transparência e debate, o que se viu foi uma ardida trama para fazer passar um projeto que envergonha o país e todas as pessoas de boa vontade que desejam construir um país de justiça, na pluralidade étnica,cultural e com igualdade social.

Além da retirada de pauta do projeto 188/2004 esperamos que se reabra um diálogo  eficaz e um debate amplo e participativo com os povos indígenas e os movimentos sociais. Só com a demarcação e garantia das terras indígenas a Constituição estará sendo cumprida e poderá haver paz e justiça no campo,  na certeza de que um outro Brasil e um outro mundo são possíveis.

Coordenação dos Movimentos Sociais do Mato Grosso do Sul

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Newsletter n. 643

          BILL WHICH CHANGES THE PROCEDURE FOR DEMARCATING INDIGENOUS LANDS IS INCLUDED ON THE VOTING AGENDA OF THE SENATE

Today, December 9, a Bill aimed at changing the whole administrative procedure for demarcating indigenous lands, bill PLS 188/2004, was included on the voting agenda of the Senate. Submitted by a temporary committee created by the Senate, this bill proposes a set of changes which have been advocated for a long time by anti-indigenous sectors. According to it, the demarcation of indigenous lands should be subject to the approval of the Federal Senate and the National Defense Council should be convoked to deliberate on the demarcation of indigenous lands when they are located in border areas.

According to Dr. Deborah Duprat, deputy attorney general and coordinator of the 6th Coordination and Review Chamber of the Federal Prosecution Service, the bill conflicts with the multiethnic state concept, with Convention 169 of the International Labour Organisation, and with the Federal Constitution. “All the provisions of this Bill are completely unconstitutional because their purpose is to identify indigenous lands based on external criteria using different means. It creates a political jurisdiction for decisions on indigenous lands by involving the Senate.”

Because it conditions the demarcation of indigenous lands to an authorization from the Federal Senate, the Bill conditions administrative acts of the Executive Branch to a validation from another Branch of the Republic, the Legislative Branch, which runs counter to the constitutional principle of the separation of the Branches.

The Bill also proposes that if indigenous lands are located in a border area (an imaginary 150-km wide area along all the terrestrial borders of Brazil), the President of the Republic must convoke the National Defense Council (CDN) before officially confirming their demarcated bounds. The CDN is a consultation body of the President of the Republic. “The National Congress cannot impose an obligation on the President to call a meeting of such consultation body,” said Paulo Machado, legal advisor to Cimi.

The Bill Project determines that “all demarcation procedures under way be annulled” on the date of its publication. It also intends to prevent reoccupied land areas (“which may be the object of trespass or invasion motivated by indigenous conflicts of a collective character”) from being the object of demarcation procedures for a period of two years or twice that period in the case of contumacy. This article has a similar effect to that of a provisional measure issued by Fernando Henrique Cardoso (2,183/01), which excluded all lands occupied by land reform movements from expropriation processes for land reform purposes.

“This Bill was designed to repress legitimate movements of indigenous peoples who occupy their traditional territories peacefully. It is not in tune with history, because most indigenous lands only had their demarcation procedure concluded after indigenous people occupied them through peaceful and legal actions,” says Saulo Done, vice president of the Indianist Missionary Council (Cimi). In Cimi’s opinion, the Bill inverts the precepts provided for in the Federal Constitution of 1988.

The Bill was submitted to the Senate in June of this year and was read in a Plenary session right away before being evaluated by its Permanent Technical committees, such as the Constitution, Citizenship Rights and Justice Committee, which check the constitutionality of bills.

Bill 188 was proposed by a temporary committee of the Senate called Special External Committee of the Federal Senate, which was created in 2004 for the purpose of “visiting the states of Roraima, Santa Catarina, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Rio Grande do Sul and Pará to become acquainted with land issues in those states and submit a detailed report of the mission to the Senate.” The Bill, which was submitted as the conclusion of a partial report of the committee prepared for the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, was read in a plenary session in June of this year.

The committee is made up senators Mozarildo Cavalcanti (Socialist Popular Party-state of Roraima), Jefferson Peres (Democratic Labor Party-state of Amazonas), João Ribeiro (Liberal Front Party-state of Tocantins), Romero Jucá (Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement – state of Roraima), and Delcídio Amaral (Workers’ Party-state of Mato Grosso do Sul), who was the rapporteur of the Bill.

“This bill is clearly aimed at hindering and postponing procedures for demarcating indigenous lands, which the indigenous movement and organizations which support them have been fighting to speed up for years. The Bill creates new decision-making jurisdictions and creates a subterfuge with the sole purpose of meeting the interests of invaders of indigenous lands,” Done added.

The social organization and forms of governance adopted by the Xukuru people, from the state of Pernambuco, were awarded a prize yesterday night (the 8th) by the Public Management and Citizenship Rights Program of the Getúlio Vargas Foundation after competing with 1,191 projects from all regions of Brazil.

The organization model adopted by the Xukuru was defined as they were reoccupying their lands and it was designed to promote their reorganization and enhance their appreciation of their indigenous identity based on their struggle to reoccupy their traditional territory, on the historical memory preserved by their elderly, and on their relationship with the sacred nature, which make feasible the cultural, social, economic, environmental, and political development of their community.

“Our social organization strengthens our ethnic identity. Early in the process, many indigenous people did not identify themselves as members of the Xukuru people. This organization model played an important role in enabling indigenous people to recognize themselves as such and to come down from the mountain range wearing their traditional necklaces and bracelets,” said chief Marcos Xukuru, who is in Rio de Janeiro, where he received the prize together with representatives of 4 other selected projects.

The Sociopolitical Organization of the Xukuru people is divided into the following levels: there is a Chief, who is responsible for the political affairs and connections of the group, by appointment of Sacred Nature. The Shaman, who has a life tenure and carries out sacred rituals. There is also a Vice-Chief. The Internal Xukuru Assembly is a space for political participation where the Future of the People is planned.  The Xukuru Indigenous Association is in charge of the legal aspects of community development projects. The Council of Leaders, which is made up of representatives of the 24 villages, is in charge of solving problems and represent their villages in Assemblies and meetings held inside and outside the Xukuru territory.

There are also groups in charge of making decision on education and health-related issues: the Indigenous Xukuru Health Council of Ororubá (CISXO) defines the health policy of the people and includes the participation of their leaders. The Council of Xukuru Teachers (COPIXO) is responsible for implementing specific and differentiated education programs in the villages.

The Xukuru people live in the Ororubá mountain range, which is located in the municipality of Pesqueira, 215 kilometers from Recife, and their population amounts to approximately 9,000 indigenous people distributed in 24 villages. Their organization with a view to reoccupying their lands became more intense since 1986 through a process of returning to their lands and a long struggle to rekindle their indigenous identity in opposition to repeated cases of prejudice and violence from people with an interest in Xukuru lands.

Since 1996, the Public Management and Citizenship Rights Program of the Getúlio Vargas Foundation has been awarding prizes and disseminating innovative experiences of local and regional governments with the aim of promoting citizenship rights and improving the quality of life of the population. Every year, 20 experiences are awarded a prize, with special emphasis on five of them. Different states, municipalities, legislative and judiciary branches, and indigenous organizations (which for the Program have the same status as that of public institutions) compete for the Prize.

Brasília, 9 December 2004

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Newsletter n. 642

BILL WHICH CHANGES THE PROCEDURE FOR DEMARCATING INDIGENOUS LANDS IS INCLUDED ON THE VOTING AGENDA OF THE SENATE

Today, December 9, a Bill aimed at changing the whole administrative procedure for demarcating indigenous lands, bill PLS 188/2004, was included on the voting agenda of the Senate. Submitted by a temporary committee created by the Senate, this bill proposes a set of changes which have been advocated for a long time by anti-indigenous sectors. According to it, the demarcation of indigenous lands should be subject to the approval of the Federal Senate and the National Defense Council should be convoked to deliberate on the demarcation of indigenous lands when they are located in border areas.

According to Dr. Deborah Duprat, deputy attorney general and coordinator of the 6th Coordination and Review Chamber of the Federal Prosecution Service, the bill conflicts with the multiethnic state concept, with Convention 169 of the International Labour Organisation, and with the Federal Constitution. “All the provisions of this Bill are completely unconstitutional because their purpose is to identify indigenous lands based on external criteria using different means. It creates a political jurisdiction for decisions on indigenous lands by involving the Senate.”

Because it conditions the demarcation of indigenous lands to an authorization from the Federal Senate, the Bill conditions administrative acts of the Executive Branch to a validation from another Branch of the Republic, the Legislative Branch, which runs counter to the constitutional principle of the separation of the Branches.

The Bill also proposes that if indigenous lands are located in a border area (an imaginary 150-km wide area along all the terrestrial borders of Brazil), the President of the Republic must convoke the National Defense Council (CDN) before officially confirming their demarcated bounds. The CDN is a consultation body of the President of the Republic. “The National Congress cannot impose an obligation on the President to call a meeting of such consultation body,” said Paulo Machado, legal advisor to Cimi.

The Bill Project determines that “all demarcation procedures under way be annulled” on the date of its publication. It also intends to prevent reoccupied land areas (“which may be the object of trespass or invasion motivated by indigenous conflicts of a collective character”) from being the object of demarcation procedures for a period of two years or twice that period in the case of contumacy. This article has a similar effect to that of a provisional measure issued by Fernando Henrique Cardoso (2,183/01), which excluded all lands occupied by land reform movements from expropriation processes for land reform purposes.

“This Bill was designed to repress legitimate movements of indigenous peoples who occupy their traditional territories peacefully. It is not in tune with history, because most indigenous lands only had their demarcation procedure concluded after indigenous people occupied them through peaceful and legal actions,” says Saulo Done, vice president of the Indianist Missionary Council (Cimi). In Cimi’s opinion, the Bill inverts the precepts provided for in the Federal Constitution of 1988.

The Bill was submitted to the Senate in June of this year and was read in a Plenary session right away before being evaluated by its Permanent Technical committees, such as the Constitution, Citizenship Rights and Justice Committee, which check the constitutionality of bills.

Bill 188 was proposed by a temporary committee of the Senate called Special External Committee of the Federal Senate, which was created in 2004 for the purpose of “visiting the states of Roraima, Santa Catarina, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Rio Grande do Sul and Pará to become acquainted with land issues in those states and submit a detailed report of the mission to the Senate.” The Bill, which was submitted as the conclusion of a partial report of the committee prepared for the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, was read in a plenary session in June of this year.

The committee is made up senators Mozarildo Cavalcanti (Socialist Popular Party-state of Roraima), Jefferson Peres (Democratic Labor Party-state of Amazonas), João Ribeiro (Liberal Front Party-state of Tocantins), Romero Jucá (Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement – state of Roraima), and Delcídio Amaral (Workers’ Party-state of Mato Grosso do Sul), who was the rapporteur of the Bill.

“This bill is clearly aimed at hindering and postponing procedures for demarcating indigenous lands, which the indigenous movement and organizations which support them have been fighting to speed up for years. The Bill creates new decision-making jurisdictions and creates a subterfuge with the sole purpose of meeting the interests of invaders of indigenous lands,” Done added.

The social organization and forms of governance adopted by the Xukuru people, from the state of Pernambuco, were awarded a prize yesterday night (the 8th) by the Public Management and Citizenship Rights Program of the Getúlio Vargas Foundation after competing with 1,191 projects from all regions of Brazil.

The organization model adopted by the Xukuru was defined as they were reoccupying their lands and it was designed to promote their reorganization and enhance their appreciation of their indigenous identity based on their struggle to reoccupy their traditional territory, on the historical memory preserved by their elderly, and on their relationship with the sacred nature, which make feasible the cultural, social, economic, environmental, and political development of their community.

“Our social organization strengthens our ethnic identity. Early in the process, many indigenous people did not identify themselves as members of the Xukuru people. This organization model played an important role in enabling indigenous people to recognize themselves as such and to come down from the mountain range wearing their traditional necklaces and bracelets,” said chief Marcos Xukuru, who is in Rio de Janeiro, where he received the prize together with representatives of 4 other selected projects.

The Sociopolitical Organization of the Xukuru people is divided into the following levels: there is a Chief, who is responsible for the political affairs and connections of the group, by appointment of Sacred Nature. The Shaman, who has a life tenure and carries out sacred rituals. There is also a Vice-Chief. The Internal Xukuru Assembly is a space for political participation where the Future of the People is planned.  The Xukuru Indigenous Association is in charge of the legal aspects of community development projects. The Council of Leaders, which is made up of representatives of the 24 villages, is in charge of solving problems and represent their villages in Assemblies and meetings held inside and outside the Xukuru territory.

There are also groups in charge of making decision on education and health-related issues: the Indigenous Xukuru Health Council of Ororubá (CISXO) defines the health policy of the people and includes the participation of their leaders. The Council of Xukuru Teachers (COPIXO) is responsible for implementing specific and differentiated education programs in the villages.

The Xukuru people live in the Ororubá mountain range, which is located in the municipality of Pesqueira, 215 kilometers from Recife, and their population amounts to approximately 9,000 indigenous people distributed in 24 villages. Their organization with a view to reoccupying their lands became more intense since 1986 through a process of returning to their lands and a long struggle to rekindle their indigenous identity in opposition to repeated cases of prejudice and violence from people with an interest in Xukuru lands.

Since 1996, the Public Management and Citizenship Rights Program of the Getúlio Vargas Foundation has been awarding prizes and disseminating innovative experiences of local and regional governments with the aim of promoting citizenship rights and improving the quality of life of the population. Every year, 20 experiences are awarded a prize, with special emphasis on five of them. Different states, municipalities, legislative and judiciary branches, and indigenous organizations (which for the Program have the same status as that of public institutions) compete for the Prize.

Brasília, 9 December 2004

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Tupinambá da Serra do Padeiro fazem nova retomada

Na madrugada do dia 08/12/2004, a comunidade dos Tupinambá de Serra do Padeiro, que vive no município de Buerarema, na Bahia, retomou uma fazenda Futurama, de aproximadamente 270 hectares.

Cerca de 50 índios ocuparam a fazenda, que fica no município de Uma e estava em poder de  Gildo Lisboa Neto. Segundo informações dos índios, a ocupação foi pacífica e a fazenda estava abandonada  há algum tempo. Ela era utilizada apenas para a retirada de madeira, fato já denunciado pela comunidade.

Na manhã do daí 8, o clima era de tranqüilidade, mas logo depois do meio dia os índios informaram que o fazendeiro procurou a Funai, dando um prazo de 24 horas para que os índios saíssem dela.

Até a tarde se hoje (dia 10), a Funai ainda não tinha ido até a retomada.

Além do objetivo de reaver suas terras tradicionais, a retomada pretende pressionar a Funai para que apresse a conclusão do relatório do Grupo Técnico responsável pelo estudo antropológico e fundiário da terra dos Tupinambá. Os estudos foram feitos de abril a maio deste ano.

Os Tupinambá da Serra do Padeiro estiveram em Brasília durante o mês de novembro para reivindicar agilidade na entrega do Relatório. A Funai, através de Artur Nobre Mendes, do Departamento de Estudos Fundiários, garantiu o  relatório seria entregue até dezembro. Sem resposta da Funai até agora, o grupo decidiu retomar a terra.

A fazenda Futurama fica ao lado da fazenda Bagaço Grosso, outra ocupação feita pelos Tupinambá no mês de abril deste ano.

Equipe Pataxó Hã-Hã-Hãe

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